Lease-to-Own House Purchases
What Is a Lease-to-Own Purchase?
A lease-to-own house purchase (also "rent-to-own purchase" or "lease purchase") is a lease combined with an option to purchase the property within a specified period, usually 3 years or less, at an agreed-upon price. Such arrangements have proliferated in the post-crisis market because many potential home buyers can’t meet the tougher loan qualification requirements today, and many potential sellers are unable to realize a satisfactory price in any other way.
Lease-purchase plans can be structured in such a way that both parties benefit. They can also be structured so that all the benefits flow to one of the parties and none to the other. Buyers especially need to be careful because they usually know less about the market than sellers, and the seller usually provides the contract.
Contract Features of a Lease-Purchase
In a typical arrangement, the borrower pays an
option fee, 1% to 5% of the price, which is credited to the purchase
price. The borrower pays a market rent, and an additional rent premium
that is also credited to the purchase price. The option fee, option
period, rent, rent premium, and purchase price are all negotiable items.
If the purchase option is not exercised, the buyer loses both the option
fee and the rent premium.
Buyers generally prefer a long
option period because it provides more time to accumulate savings and
repair credit. A long period can boomerang on them, however, if they are
never able to exercise the option, since they lose the rent premium they
have been paying all the while, in addition to the option fee. Sellers
generally prefer a short option period, but if it is too short, the
house won’t be sold.
The option fee and rent premium are viewed differently by buyers and
sellers. To the buyer, they are part of the equity in the house they
fully expect to own. To sellers, however, these payments are the best
guarantee that their houses will sell; if they don’t sell, the payments
are retained as income. That the benefit to the seller generally exceeds
the cost to the buyer makes the lease-to-own deal a possible win-win.
A lease purchase contract may or may not give the renter/buyer the right
to sell the option. This will have value to the buyer who isn’t
completely confident of being able to exercise the option. It is a cost
to the seller who prefers to retain the house and the monies collected.
Lease contracts may also contain provisions that nullify the buyer’s option, a point discussed below.
Using a Lease-Purchase to Buy
The lease-purchase offers homeownership
opportunities to consumers who can't qualify for a loan from any source,
but who are prepared to bet on themselves. The bet is that before the
option period expires, they will qualify for the mortgage they need to
exercise the purchase option. During the option period, they have the
opportunity to rebuild their credit and accumulate savings while living
in the house.
Even though it is costly, the right not to exercise the option is of
value to buyers. If there is something seriously wrong with the house,
neighborhood, or neighbors, the buyer can cut her losses by not
exercising the option.
Dangers to Buyers
A major threat to buyers is contractual
provisions that can nullify their option, such as the failure to pay the
rent on the first day of the month. Such provisions are most likely to
appear in contracts used by developers or firms that own multiple homes.
One such firm in
Using a Lease-Purchase to Sell
Most home sellers
want a cash sale, but for those prepared to hang on to the property
awhile longer, the benefits can be compelling. Buyers unable to become
homeowners in any other way will generally be willing to commit to a
future price substantially higher than the price at which the property
could be sold today.
While the deal may fall through, in that case the seller gets to pocket the option fee and rent premium. The seller also continues to enjoy the tax deduction on his mortgage interest payments during the option period.
The Option Fee and Rent Premium Are Not Part of the Down Payment
The option fee and rent premium are not part of the down payment unless the seller agrees to relinquish the right to retain these payments in the event the buyer doesn’t exercise the option. Few sellers would be willing to do that. But the option fee and rent payments do make the required down payment slightly smaller.
For example, the parties agree to a price of $100,000 and the option fee and rent premium add to $5,000 when the option is exercised. From the standpoint of the lender, the price is $95,000 and a 5% down payment requirement would call for a down payment of $4750 instead of $5,000.